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What makes the Focus History Grade 12 course unique? Rich,
scaffolded content and summaries, including a variety of sources
(written and visual) which support and enhance understanding. The
principle of environmental sustainability has been included in
multiple topics. Skills focus feature develops subject-specific
skills, such as History essay-writing. Difficult concepts easily
explained via 'Key Words' and 'Did you know?' features, and all
concepts defined in glossary and referenced in index. Text, and
visual and written sources, provide positive representations of
racial and gender diversity. The Teacher's Guide provides
guidelines and information for inclusive education in teaching and
learning History.
There is a growing consensus in the social sciences on the virtues
of research strategies that combine quantitative with qualitative
tools of inference. Integrated Inferences develops a framework for
using causal models and Bayesian updating for qualitative and
mixed-methods research. By making, updating, and querying causal
models, researchers are able to integrate information from
different data sources while connecting theory and empirics in a
far more systematic and transparent manner than standard
qualitative and quantitative approaches allow. This book provides
an introduction to fundamental principles of causal inference and
Bayesian updating and shows how these tools can be used to
implement and justify inferences using within-case (process
tracing) evidence, correlational patterns across many cases, or a
mix of the two. The authors also demonstrate how causal models can
guide research design, informing choices about which cases,
observations, and mixes of methods will be most useful for
addressing any given question.
Voldoen ten volle aan die vereistes van die Kurrikulum- en
assesseringsbeleidsverklaring (NKABV). Eksamenoefening en
assesseringsgeleenthede word verskaf. Riglyne van die volledige
Assesseringsprogram word verskaf. Klaskamers regoor Suid-Afrika het
die materiaal gebruik en beproef. Eksamensukses deur leerders te
ondersteun en te betrek. Nuttige wenke vir klaskameronderrig.
Voldoen ten volle aan die vereistes van die Kurrikulum- en
assesseringsbeleidsverklaring (NKABV). Eksamenoefening en
assesseringsgeleenthede word verskaf. Riglyne van die volledige
Assesseringsprogram word verskaf. Klaskamers regoor Suid-Afrika het
die materiaal gebruik en beproef. Eksamensukses deur leerders te
ondersteun en te betrek. Nuttige wenke vir klaskameronderrig.
Doctors and Rules is a unique and immensely scholarly book. It
draws on material which has informed our civilization, including
many of the social sciences-history, sociology, and psychology, as
well as law. The author accesses the current importance of the
Hippocratic tradition within medicine, and puts forward various
models of its practice. He seeks to expose the often inarticulated
foundation of contemporary debates about the law, medicine, and
health, and to question some common assumptions of the functionsand
structures of social and legal order. The book challenges the idea
that legal rules should be respected merely because they exist and
because they play a part in centralizing the organization of
society. It rejects the notion that the courts always, or even
often, offer useful mechanisms for defining and settling disputes.
On the contrary, the author sees in their formalism many things
which hinder the common cause of humanity. Only a skeptic trained
in law but also deeply concerned by our fate and circumstances
could have produced it. It also contributes both to the sociology
of law and the sociology of medicine. Out of a reassertion of old
ways, this book presents a new blueprint for future professional
conduct. It is rich in questions and ideas for researchers,
teachers, and professionals in the fields of law, medical
sociology, and medicine and generally for those concerned with the
place of professional conduct.
The Catholic Church has always recognized that philosophy is
necessary both to understand the faith as well as to defend it. The
need for a philosophically informed faith has become more acute
with the rise of secularism. Seat of Wisdom demonstrates that the
philosophical principles developed in the Catholic tradition,
especially as articulated in Thomism, provide the intellectual
foundation for belief in God and are also the only reliable basis
for a fully coherent vision of man's place in the world. Seat of
Wisdom begins with an exploration of the relationship between faith
and reason. Philosophy's essential role is to discover the rational
principles underlying the intelligible order of reality. These
principles act as a bridge connecting science and religious faith,
enabling the believer to integrate all facets of human experience.
Each of those first principles, as expressed in the transcendental
properties, are then analyzed as the basis of the major
philosophical disciplines. Starting with metaphysics' study of
being, the argument proceeds to consider the true, the good, and
the beautiful in terms of epistemology, anthropology, ethics,
aesthetics, and political philosophy. Lastly, these principles are
shown to point to God as creator. The strength of the Catholic
philosophical tradition is evident when contrasted with reductive
theories which fail to account for the breadth of human experience.
Consequently, each chapter will introduce influential philosophers
whose inadequate theories inform contemporary assumptions. Against
this, the Thomistic argument is elucidated as being inclusive of
the insights of the reductive position. It will be seen that this
"both/and" approach is the only way to do justice to the glory of
God and the gift of creation. Religion is prey to skepticism when
it is isolated from the rest of knowledge. This integrative
argument, uniting discussions of nature, politics, and theology
according to common principles, enables the reader to grasp the
unity of wisdom. Moreover, by engaging alternative positions, it
provides the reader with tools to defend the Catholic worldview
against those reductive philosophies which only deprive life of its
full meaning.
There is a growing consensus in the social sciences on the virtues
of research strategies that combine quantitative with qualitative
tools of inference. Integrated Inferences develops a framework for
using causal models and Bayesian updating for qualitative and
mixed-methods research. By making, updating, and querying causal
models, researchers are able to integrate information from
different data sources while connecting theory and empirics in a
far more systematic and transparent manner than standard
qualitative and quantitative approaches allow. This book provides
an introduction to fundamental principles of causal inference and
Bayesian updating and shows how these tools can be used to
implement and justify inferences using within-case (process
tracing) evidence, correlational patterns across many cases, or a
mix of the two. The authors also demonstrate how causal models can
guide research design, informing choices about which cases,
observations, and mixes of methods will be most useful for
addressing any given question.
While political analysis has commonly focused on the distributive
problem of who gets what, many of the hardest choices facing modern
societies are dilemmas of timing. If governments want to reduce
public debt, slow climate change, or shore up pension systems, they
must typically inflict immediate pain on citizens for gains that
will only arrive over the long run. In Governing for the Long Term,
Alan M. Jacobs investigates the conditions under which elected
governments invest in long-term social benefits at short-term
social cost. Jacobs contends that, along the path to adoption,
investment-oriented policies must surmount three distinct hurdles
to future-oriented state action: a problem of electoral risk,
rooted in the scarcity of voter attention; a problem of prediction,
deriving from the complexity of long-term policy effects; and a
problem of institutional capacity, arising from interest groups'
preferences for distributive gains over intertemporal bargains.
Testing this argument through a four-country historical analysis of
pension policymaking, the book illuminates crucial differences
between the causal logics of distributive and intertemporal
politics and makes a case for bringing trade-offs over time to the
center of the study of policymaking.
Voldoen ten volle aan die vereistes van die Kurrikulum- en
assesseringsbeleidsverklaring (NKABV). Eksamenoefening en
assesseringsgeleenthede word verskaf. Riglyne van die volledige
Assesseringsprogram word verskaf. Klaskamers regoor Suid-Afrika het
die materiaal gebruik en beproef. Eksamensukses deur leerders te
ondersteun en te betrek. Nuttige wenke vir klaskameronderrig.
Private property's form is crucial to contemporary debates in land
use and environmental policy and management. For some, restrictions
on private property are so severe as to threaten the very freedoms
property is designed to protect. For others, the realities of life
in the 21st century require property's reshaping. The re-emergence
of private property as an issue of social conflict within US policy
and politics is explored in this comprehensive volume. Private
property is central to American character, culture and democracy.
The founding fathers understood it as key to the liberties America
was designed to foster. However, over the last 200 years what one
owns has evolved; ownership is different now than for an owner 200,
100, even 50 years ago. Harvey Jacobs has brought together an
interdisciplinary, politically divergent group of contributors to
speculate on private property's future. The ownership and control
of privately owned lands is critical for many fields. Scholars,
students, and professionals of urban and regional planning,
geography, law, natural resources, environment, real estate, and
landscape architecture will all find this volume of great interest.
Central to the Yakama oral tradition, storytelling enables Tribal
Elders to share lessons, values, and customs with younger
generations across the Columbia River plateau and the Pacific
Northwest. Drawn from a time before the coming of human beings when
animals were like people, the stories present characters and motifs
that paint a bigger picture of the world as Yakama ancestors knew
it. The original edition of Anakú Iwachá featured stories that
Yakama Tribal Elders recorded in several dialects of the
IchishkÃin language that were collected and translated into
English by renowned linguist and scholar Virginia Beavert. This new
edition adds a preface from the Yakama Nation and essays on the
history of the project and on IchishkÃin-language education. It
includes four additional legends in IchishkÃin and English,
annotations, an updated glossary, and more artwork by Tribal
artists, helping readers, teachers, and students engage with the
legends as teaching and learning tools and as a precious gift to
current and future Yakama generations.
Doctors and Rules is a unique and immensely scholarly book. It
draws on material which has informed our civilization, including
many of the social sciences-history, sociology, and psychology, as
well as law. The author accesses the current importance of the
Hippocratic tradition within medicine, and puts forward various
models of its practice. He seeks to expose the often inarticulated
foundation of contemporary debates about the law, medicine, and
health, and to question some common assumptions of the functionsand
structures of social and legal order. The book challenges the idea
that legal rules should be respected merely because they exist and
because they play a part in centralizing the organization of
society. It rejects the notion that the courts always, or even
often, offer useful mechanisms for defining and settling disputes.
On the contrary, the author sees in their formalism many things
which hinder the common cause of humanity. Only a skeptic trained
in law but also deeply concerned by our fate and circumstances
could have produced it. It also contributes both to the sociology
of law and the sociology of medicine. Out of a reassertion of old
ways, this book presents a new blueprint for future professional
conduct. It is rich in questions and ideas for researchers,
teachers, and professionals in the fields of law, medical
sociology, and medicine and generally for those concerned with the
place of professional conduct.
This volume provides an overview of a relatively neglected branch
of connectionism known as localist connectionism. The singling out
of localist connectionism is motivated by the fact that some
critical modeling strategies have been more readily applied in the
development and testing of localist as opposed to distributed
connectionist models (models using distributed hidden-unit
representations and trained with a particular learning algorithm,
typically back-propagation). One major theme emerging from this
book is that localist connectionism currently provides an
interesting means of evolving from verbal-boxological models of
human cognition to computer-implemented algorithmic models. The
other central messages conveyed are that the highly delicate issue
of model testing, evaluation, and selection must be taken
seriously, and that model-builders of the localist connectionist
family have already shown exemplary steps in this direction.
Cast iron toys are among the hottest toy collectibles today. Some
of the best known of these were made by Kenton, an Ohio firm that
operated from the 1890s to the 1950s. Their famous Kenton toys
include children's savings banks, toy stoves, trains, circus
caravans, cars, fire trucks, nostalgic horse-and-buggy lines, and
nodders, all identified and shown here in color photographs and
original catalog illustrations. Most famous of all was the
authentic Gene Autry toy pistol, which was unveiled in 1937. Two
million of these were sold in the first year and a half, and the
company prospered from the Singong Cowboy's popularity until 1951.
This marvelously well-illustrated and researched book traces the
history of Kenton from its days as a boomtown hardware manufacturer
in the nineteenth century through the struggles of the two world
wars. The growth of the American toy industry is reflected in the
chronicle of this important company told with details from the
company archives and with the engaging testimony of company
employees. The story of Gene Autry's festive visit to Kenton is
delightful!
This book provides researchers and practitioners with a unique
collection of current research on the role of vitamins and
micronutrients in cancer prevention and treatment. New theories are
discussed, including a hypothesis that dietary factors may protect
against genetically predisposed cancers. Mechanisms by which
different vitamins and minerals appear to inhibit carcinogenesis or
cell transformation are described, including vitamins A, C, E, and
selenium protection against oxidative stress by induction of
enzymes as catalase and dismutase or inteference with free radical
mechanisms; organosulfur compound inhibition of P450 activation
enzymes or enhancement of detoxification enzymes; metal ion effects
in the modulation of gene expression by site-specific binding of
Zn-finger loop domains; B-carotene metabolite up-regulation of gap
junctional communication between cells; and vitamin D3 elimination
of amplified oncogenes or drug resistant genes. The book also
reviews literature implicating a possible relationship between
potassium and the control of cancer. Other information presented
includes a discussion of contemporary technologies and data
associating lipotrope deficiencies with alterations in xenobiotic
metabolism, nucleic acid methylation, purine and pyrimidine
synthesis, signal transduction, and chromosome anomalies.
This volume provides an overview of a relatively neglected branch
of connectionism known as localist connectionism. The singling out
of localist connectionism is motivated by the fact that some
critical modeling strategies have been more readily applied in the
development and testing of localist as opposed to distributed
connectionist models (models using distributed hidden-unit
representations and trained with a particular learning algorithm,
typically back-propagation). One major theme emerging from this
book is that localist connectionism currently provides an
interesting means of evolving from verbal-boxological models of
human cognition to computer-implemented algorithmic models. The
other central messages conveyed are that the highly delicate issue
of model testing, evaluation, and selection must be taken
seriously, and that model-builders of the localist connectionist
family have already shown exemplary steps in this direction.
This text examines struggles over urban space in three contemporary
first world cities: London, Perth and Brisbane. Through these
examples the spatialised cultural politics of a number of
"postcolonial" processes are unravelled: the imperial nostalgias of
the one-time heart of empire, the City of London; the struggle of
diasporic groups to make a homespace in the old imperial
heartlands; the unsettling presence of Aboriginal claims for the
sacred in the space of the modern city; and the emergence of hybrid
spaces in the contemporary city. This book is about the unruly
spatial politics of race and nation, nature and culture, past and
present. This is a "global geography of the local" that takes
theories of colonialism and postcolonialism to the space of the
city - giving real space to the spatial metaphors of much
contemporary social theory. If the contemporary city is a
postmodern space it has not-so-hidden geographies of imperialism
and postcolonialism.
Imperialism is seen as an historical relic, the British empire's colonial past providing rich allusions to space and territory. Yet imperialism not only lingers in the present but also shapes the postcolonial future. Edge of Empire examines struggles over urban space in three contemporary first world cities in an attempt to map the real geographies of colonialism and postcolonialism as manifest in modern society. From London, the one-time heart of the empire, to Perth and Brisbane, scenes of Aboriginal claims for the sacred in the space of the modern city, Jacobs emphasises the global geography of the local and unravels the spatialised cultural politics of postcolonial processes. Edge of Empire forms the basis for understanding imperialism over space and time, and is a recognition of the unruly spatial politics of race and nation, nature and culture, past and present. eBook available with sample pages: HB:0415120063
The end of the last century witnessed two major events in the field
of civil justice: the Civil Procedure Rules (CPR) came into force
and the Human Rights Act (HRA) gave effect to the European
Convention on Human Rights. This volume assesses the effect of the
Act and attempts to reconcile the expediency and efficiency
essential to modern civil justice with the need for recognition of
human dignity and equality inherent to human rights. The book is
primarily concerned with the effects of the HRA on civil procedure
and, in particular, the effects on the CPR. It examines the view
that the new civil procedure regime could be susceptible to HRA
challenges. More specifically, the work discusses whether there are
differences between the CPR and the ECHR ideas of what constitutes
a fair trial or just decision and between their views of
proportionality. The study notes the differences between common and
civil law and discusses whether there is any coming together with
other European systems. This book will be a valuable resource for
academics and researchers as well as lawyers and judges with an
interest in the practical implications of the HRA.
The end of the last century witnessed two major events in the field
of civil justice: the Civil Procedure Rules (CPR) came into force
and the Human Rights Act (HRA) gave effect to the European
Convention on Human Rights. This volume assesses the effect of the
Act and attempts to reconcile the expediency and efficiency
essential to modern civil justice with the need for recognition of
human dignity and equality inherent to human rights. The book is
primarily concerned with the effects of the HRA on civil procedure
and, in particular, the effects on the CPR. It examines the view
that the new civil procedure regime could be susceptible to HRA
challenges. More specifically, the work discusses whether there are
differences between the CPR and the ECHR ideas of what constitutes
a fair trial or just decision and between their views of
proportionality. The study notes the differences between common and
civil law and discusses whether there is any coming together with
other European systems. This book will be a valuable resource for
academics and researchers as well as lawyers and judges with an
interest in the practical implications of the HRA.
Stars of Africa is a reading series developed for Grade R to 7. It
brings together the best authors and illustrators form South Africa
and from across the African continent. The titles are especially
suitable for learners whose home language not necessarily English.
The wide range of readers at the Grade 7 level, together with the
Stars of Africa Grade 7 teacher's guide, covers all requirements
for teaching and learning English first additional language within
the revised national curriculum statement. Stars of Africa Grade 7
reading series offers these exceptional features: language on the
level of the learner; graded to allow for steady progression as
learners become more confident; introduction of concepts and
knowledge from all learning areas that explore a vast spectrum of
relevant themes; vibrant illustrations in different styles,
techniques and colours capture children's interest and help develop
their love of reading; extensive range of visual literacy elements
such as maps and photographs that further encourages reading
skills; 24 stories and information books that reflect the
aspirations, social and personal issues of the Grade 7 learner;
glossaries to assist learners with further language acquisition
skills; encourages comprehensive language skills and reading
skills. The teacher's guide offers: assessment and teaching
support; guidelines on extension and enrichment work; photocopiable
learner worksheets, book report worksheets, learner assessment
worksheets and sample assessment grids, enabling learners and
teacher to get the most benefit from each reader; skills-building
activities that cover the six learning outcomes for English First
Additional Language; the Stars of Africa Grade 7 readers provide
learners with a magnificent range of stories that will build
confidence, widen knowledge and increase reading pleasure! The
reading series includes an additional resource, reading in the
primary school - Grade R to Grade 7 teacher's guide, to further
assist the teacher with reading strategies.
This handbook reviews efforts to increase the use of empirical
methods in studies of the aesthetic and social effects of literary
reading. The reviewed research is expansive, including extension of
familiar theoretical models to novel domains (e.g., educational
settings); enlarging empirical efforts within under-represented
research areas (e.g., child development); and broadening the range
of applicable quantitative and qualitative methods (e.g.,
computational stylistics; phenomenological methods). Especially
challenging is articulation of the subtle aesthetic and social
effects of literary artefacts (e.g., poetry, film). Increasingly,
the complexity of these effects is addressed in multi-variate
studies, including confirmatory factor analysis and structural
equation modeling. While each chapter touches upon the historical
background of a specific research topic, two chapters address the
area's historical background and guiding philosophical assumptions.
Taken together, the material in this volume provides a systematic
introduction to the area for early career professionals, while
challenging active researchers to develop theoretical frameworks
and empirical procedures that match the complexity of their
research objectives.
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